The first identifiable building sites are dated from this time, and, according to Arab geographers, the East African coast was then generally thought of as being divided into four: (1) Berber (Amazigh) lands, which ran down the Somalian coast to the Shabeelle River, (2) Zanj proper, (3) the land of Sofala in present-day Mozambique, whence gold was beginning to be shipped by about the 10th century, and (4) a vaguely described land of Waq waq, beyond. The easternmost point of the continent, that is Ras Hafun in Somalia, is of archaeological, historical and economical importance. Because of their early dating and unique physical characteristics idaltu and kibish represent the immediate ancestors of anatomically modern humans as suggested by the Out-of-Africa theory. But also because there are so many different tourist coasts along its length. However, all is not lost as marine reserves around the globe have proven what a remarkable recovery the marine ecosystem can make if given full protection. Several countries border the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. For the entity known as (British) East Africa, see, Somaliland is not included in the United Nations geoscheme, as it is internationally. Few would imagine that there could be more natural beauty on offer. East African coastal cities participated in a larger Afro-Asian trade network a thousand years before Vasco Da Gama peeked around the Cape of Good Hope to find the way to sail to India. The largest ethnic groups in eastern Africa are the Oromo, Cushitic speakers who occupy much of southern Ethiopia, and the related Somali, who occupy all of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and much of Djibouti. Between the 19th and 20th century, East Africa became a theatre of competition between the major imperialistic European nations of the time. WWF works with government and communities to develop land use plans that allow wildlife movement and human use to coexist. However, the creation of clove plantations, intensification of the slave trade and relocation of the Omani capital to Zanzibar in 1839 by Seyyid Said had the effect of consolidating the Omani power in the region.[67]. The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Lake Niassa is located in Mozambique and shares borders with Malawi and Tanzania. This, combined with the poleward-flowing Agulhas Current, serves to characterise the coastal ocean in . This warm current is also pushed westward by the cold Canary current. Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. The latter also spread Islam to the coastal belt, but most Bantu remained African Traditional Religion adherents. Wildlife need corridors to move safely and easily between protected areas. East Africa is a region that begins in Tanzania in the south and extends north through the great grasslands and scrub forest of the savannas of Kenya and Uganda and then across the highlands of Ethiopia, including the Great Rift Valley. Over a period of many centuries, most hunting-foraging peoples were displaced and absorbed by incoming Bantu communities, as well as by later Nilotic communities. [citation needed] As cattle terminology in use amongst the few modern Bantu pastoralist groups suggests, the Bantu migrants would acquire cattle from their new Cushitic neighbors. Stretching from the Arctic Circle to Antarctica, the Atlantic Ocean is bordered by the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east. The main ethnic groups of Eritrea, the Tigray and the Tigre, are speakers of Semitic languages. In rural areas, people have lost crops and livestock and face hunger and outbreaks of malaria. (2009 est.) Portuguese trading stations in East Africa and the Slave trade. Best Answer. Elephants, rhinos, lions, wild dogs, and more iconic species roam the landscape. Chami, Felix A. The major difference between conservation of the animals on the land and that of the sea is that 30 million people rely on the coastal reef ecosystems to subsist and sustain their livelihoods. Nearly all of them rely directly on its marine resources for their livelihoods. June 25, 2020. Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches. Africa is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Red Sea to the northeast, Indian Ocean to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. We also introduced a new program of raising goats and offered improved husbandry techniques to reduce the animals impact on vegetation and crops. It has official status in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. Some of the earliest hominin skeletal remains have been found in the wider region, including fossils discovered in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, as well as in the Koobi Fora in Kenya and Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa:[1]. By 1300, like the inhabitants of neighbouring Mafia, they were living in Muslim towns, the rulers of which were Shites. Elephants, rhinos, lions, wild dogs, and more iconic species roam the landscape. The Indian Ocean has cast up a wealth of literature that merges fact and fiction, the most familiar to us being The Seven Voyages of Sindbad as passed down in the The Arabian Nights. Consequently there has been much contact over the past two thousand years among the peoples who inhabit its shores. Between 2500 and 3000 years ago, Bantu-speaking peoples began a millennia-long series of migrations eastward from their homeland around southern Cameroon. The eastern coast of Africa looks out over the Indian Ocean, which, though vast, is comparatively easily navigated. This little piece of heaven is very popular for honeymoons and romantic breaks. Off the coast of East Africa is the Indian Ocean. This Bantu expansion introduced agriculture into much of the African Great Lakes region. Villagers found that the small no-take zones that allowed fish stocks to rebound also produced an abundance of oysters. This protection of wildlife creates a strong and sustainable incentive for conservation. Weather extremes also severely threaten the regions traditional livelihoods of farming and fishing. The east coast of South Africa has a generally well-defined and narrow continental shelf area. Climate change is expected to intensify these and other problems. This has led to major pollution and overfishing. We help them increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching. Ranger in Udzungwe National Park, Tanzania. The Atlantic is, generally speaking, S-shaped and narrow in relation . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Various bodies of water surround Africa the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the east and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and in these waters, you will find an array of dazzling lifeforms, from the smallest nudibranch to the impressive schools of fish that move through the water like a flock of red-billed queleas on the African plains. The Glorioso Islands are a small atoll in the Indian Ocean off East Africa, near Madagascar, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. This benefits local people who rely on the forest for their livelihoods and frees up resources for the governments to improve local education and health infrastructure. The east coast of Africa experiences seasonally alternating 'trade' winds which have enabled sailing dhows to travel up and down the coast, fostering the movement of people and goods between the countries of Arabia, the Western Indian Ocean and East Africa for many centuries. The Agulhas Current flows from northeast to southwest, almost hugging the east coast of South Africa, and transports warm water from the Indian down into the Southern Ocean. [70] In 1922, the British gained a League of Nations mandate over Tanganyika which it administered until Independence was granted to Tanganyika in 1961. Madagascar is also considered to be the world's fourth-largest island which offers a plethora of unique collection of flora and fauna. WWF also facilitated the organization of local fishing communities and helped build their capacity to combat illegal fishing, create alternative sources of income, and implement environmental education programs. A close up of a giant sea clam in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), Giant sea clams typically occur on the east coast of Africa in clear water of less than 10 metres. East African Islands Type: territory Description: Islands in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. 1. There is evidence of a considerable iron-smelting industry at Manda and of a lesser one at Kilwa. Through our involvement in the creation of local fishing associations, fishermen are recruited to monitor bycatch of turtles and dugongs and provide us with important data on population trends. This particular shark was cruising with the outgoing current towards the lagoon entrance as a storm front darkened the sky on the horizon. World Wildlife Fund Inc. is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax ID number 52-1693387) under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Greek and Roman coins have been found, and there are some accounts of overseas migrations to the coast. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. Italy gained control of various parts of Somalia in the 1880s. This is usually attributed to the passage of the Intertropical Convergence Zone across the region in those months, but it may also be analogous to the autumn monsoon rains of parts of Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and the Brazilian Nordeste. At Lake Malawi, they finally met the recently created British Protectorate of Nyasaland (nowadays Malawi), which surrounded the homonymous lake on three sides, leaving the Portuguese the control of lake's eastern coast. Nilotic languages, such as Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai and Nuer, are spoken in lesser numbers, primarily in the African Great Lakes and Nile Valley. Omissions? WMAs create opportunities for wildlife tourism, which directly benefits local communities through jobs and revenue. 2002. During barter, the foreigners bartered their goods with gold, ivory and slaves. Eastern Africa has a diverse climate change that consist of hot, dry desert regions, cooler, and highlands. The wildlife of East Africa is quite extraordinary, and a cruise can be easily combined with a Kenyan or Tanzanian safari. The Indian Ocean and East African Slave Trade: Zanzibar Figure 1.--Zanzibar was the center of the East African/Indian Ocean slave trade. Author of, Distinguished Professor of History and African Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing. Photo Galleries, Photographer of the Year, TRAVEL & CONSERVATION COMPANY [30][31] The recognition of Homo sapiens idaltu and Omo Kibish as anatomically modern humans would justify the description of contemporary humans with the subspecies name Homo sapiens sapiens. Africa has a huge range of coastline which borders not only two oceans, but two seas as well. Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. WWFs goal is to have over 31 million acres of land in Tanzania managed in this way, which will help wildlife migration outside of protected areas. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. The Big Five of the Ocean: Exploring the Waters of East Africa. Some of the island's historical buildings could be seen from the ocean, especially the House of . Though the straits were never completely closed, there may have been islands in between which could be reached using simple rafts. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. On an average, the north equatorial warm current flows from east to west but this saline current is deflected northward when it crosses the mid-Atlantic Ridge near 15N latitude. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. traverses the expanses of the Southern Ocean south of Africa, south of Australia, and the south Pacific. The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. There are protected wildlife areas in southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique, but they are separated by areas with large human populations. Learn the historical significance of the Kingdom of Axum and how other . Rainfall in East Africa is characterised by two main rainfall seasons, the long rains from MarchMay and the short rains from October- December. The unique geography and apparent suitability for farming made East Africa a target for European exploration, exploitation and colonialization in the nineteenth century. 1: The Swahili Coast of East Africa | From 1000 to 1500 CE, numerous Swahili states emerged along this 1,000 mile stretch from Mogadishu in the north (present-day Somalia) to Sofala in the south (present-day Mozambique). Twin parallel rift valleys that are part of the East African Rift System run through the region. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to explore the region of current-day Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique by sea. Indo-European languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, remain important in higher institutions in some parts of the larger region. His first stop was Zeila, a port of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia with a large Muslim community. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. For example, we work with farmers to adopt drought resistant crops and conserve natural resources in the face of water shortages. No settlements from this period have been found. One area of work focuses on tuna, as we seek to help fisheries achieve certification by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS The islands of Primeiras and Segundas off the coast of Mozambique are a major nesting site for several marine turtle species. The volcanic massif of Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, reaches 19,340 feet (5,895 metres) in northeastern Tanzania. Sunday 6 October 2002. Both the Tigray and the Amhara, another Semitic-speaking group, dominate northwestern Ethiopia. Language distributions suggest that this most likely occurred from Sudan into the African Great Lakes region, since the Nilotic languages spoken by these pre-Bantu farmers have their closest relatives in the middle Nile basin. 82 Likes, 0 Comments - skhathisomusa dumani mthembu (@skhathisomusa) on Instagram: "African East coast | tropics #eastafrica #mombasa #coast #ocean #tropicalparadise #beach #film" Area 1,420,236 square miles (3,678,394 square km). East Africa is the part of Africa around and east of the Great Rift Valley, a land feature stretching from the Red Sea in the north, the Guardafui Channel in the east, and the Mozambique Channel in the southeast. The East African Islands are in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. A windswept and beautiful coast is the face that South Africa presents to the world - at turns tempestuous and tamed, stormy and sublime. At other places on his way, such as the island of Angediva, near Goa, and Cannanore, the Portuguese built forts, and adopted measures to secure the Portuguese supremacy. Author of. It imported large quantities of Islamic pottery and, in the 9th and 10th centuries, Chinese porcelain. The East African Rift valley, the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden are clearly visible in this Landsat 8 image, taken on 8 November 2019. . The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. By 1896, the war had become a total disaster for the Italians and Ethiopia was able to retain its independence. [22] Elsewhere the annual rainfall generally increases towards the south and with altitude, being around 400mm (16in) at Mogadishu and 1,200mm (47in) at Mombasa on the coast, whilst inland it increases from around 130mm (5in) at Garoowe to over 1,100mm (43in) at Moshi near Kilimanjaro. This region already suffers from unpredictable rainfall and frequent drought, along with intense rains and flooding. In Mozambique, WWF helped initiate a new law that makes TEDs mandatory in the countrys shrimp trawl fleet. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean. The Eastern, or Great, Rift Valley extends from the Red Seas junction with the Gulf of Aden southward across the highlands of Ethiopia and Kenya and continues on into Tanzania. Mafia Island, which lies out to sea here, could perhaps be Menouthias, the only island named in both the Periplus and the Guide, although this could also be either Pemba or Zanzibar (perhaps there has been a conflation of all three in the one name). Rainfall variability is influenced by both El Nio events and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole. Visit Africa's Gold Coast on the Atlantic Ocean, including Ghana and Senegal, and make a stop at the tropical Cape Verde islands. collapse afer a 1500 year reign over the Southern Nile valley as a result of the migrating Noba, The immigration and Conquest of the Noba would culturally reshape the Sudanese nile valley and lead to the transition of the region into the 3 Nubian speaking Christian kingdoms afterwards, Makuria, Alodia (Also known as Alwa) and Nobatia as result of the Noba who likley spoke proto nubian.[43].

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