called rebs and yanks. Occasionally, a single corps might operate independently as if it were a small army. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. There were seven full generals in the CSA; Steven G. Collins, "System in the South: John W. Mallet, Josiah Gorgas, and uniform production at the confederate ordnance department.". "Leatherneck, Jarhead" A US Marine. Emancipation was a salient issue for Union soldiers because it was controversial. "They shot them if they would not load the cannon, and we shot them if they did. Educated soldiers drew upon their knowledge of American history to justify their costs. This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. What is the difference between HSI and Hscei? These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. Research guide for the American Civil War, https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=911931, National Park Service: Soldiers & Sailors Database, The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. What. The types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore consisted of a double-breasted gray frock coat, a pair of light french blue trousers, white cotton shirts, a forage cap and leather brogan shoes. [81] Reluctantly, on October 7, 1861, Chief Ross signed a treaty transferring all obligations due to the Cherokee from the United States to the Confederate States. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg. To learn more, click on the seal or go to www.kidsafeseal.com. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. However, when Kirkland asked if he could show a white handkerchief, General Kershaw stated he could not do that. [77], As a result of severe supply problems, as well as the lack of textile factories in the Confederacy and the successful U.S. naval blockade of Southern ports, the typical Confederate soldier was rarely able to wear the standard regulation uniform, particularly as the war progressed. Throughout the war, the Confederacy raised the equivalent of 1,010 regiments in all branches, including militias, versus 2,050 regiments for the U.S. McPherson admits some flaws in his sampling of letters. In his 1997 book For Cause and Comrades, which examines the motivations of the American Civil War's soldiers, historian James M. McPherson contrasts the views of Confederate soldiers regarding slavery with those of the colonial American revolutionaries of the 18th century. March 13, 1865, authorized up to 300,000 African American troops but was never fully implemented. Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. Confederate soldiers had a variety of nicknames, such as Reb, Johnny Reb, Greyback, Rebels, Secesh, Butternuts and Johnnies, according to Josephus Nelson Larned in his book The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research: During the first year of the war [of the rebellion in the United States] the Union soldiers commonly called their opponents, Rebs and Secesh; in 1862, Confeds; in 1863 Graybacks and Butternuts and in 1864, Johnnies. The nickname Butternuts was given the Confederates on account of their homespun clothes, dyed reddish-brown with a dye made of butternut bark. Two to four brigades usually formed a division. "[122][123] 126 times it says help the less fortunate and I am sure it means even more so when you have compromised their education and freedom as was done for our black bothers and sisters for 250 years before the civil war so others could benefit financiallyhorrible greed at its best. [28] Challenges to the subsequent acts came before five state supreme courts; all five upheld them.[29]. A typical CSR will include an envelope that lists a soldiers name, rank, unit, and card numbers, followed by cards with details extracted from muster rolls, rosters, hospital rolls, Union prison records, payrolls, and other records, with a new card being created each time a soldiers name appeared on a new document. Soldiers who served in the Confederate States Army fought on behalf of the Confederate States of America. This was about 10 percent of the total Union fighting force. The manual used by doctors in the CSA. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Historian Mark Weitz argues that the official count of 103,400 deserters is too low. The main Confederate armies, the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee and the remnants of the Army of Tennessee and various other units under General Joseph E. Johnston, surrendered to the U.S. on April 9, 1865 (officially April 12), and April 18, 1865 (officially April 26). [43] After U.S. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, some Confederate soldiers welcomed the move, as they believed it would strengthen pro-slavery sentiment in the Confederacy, and thus lead to greater enlistment of soldiers in the Confederate army. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, also from Kershaw County, South Carolina, and informed him that he wished to help the wounded Union soldiers. The road system was poor, and it relied more and more on a heavily overburdened railroad system. The Civil War was a fiery prism at the center of American society. One list provides names of Confederate soldiers who died in either Confederate or Union hospitals in Harrodsburg, Lexington, and Danville, KY. { board.name }} {{ board.total_asset_count }} View all Boards View all Sets CREATE BOARD. Confederate casualties for all these reasons are unavailable. [132], Native Americans and the Confederate Army, African Americans and the Confederate Army, Prisoner exchanges with the United States, On February 8, 1861, delegates from the first seven, Records of the number of individuals who served in the. The Legion, raised in September 1862, fought until the end of the War. [44] One Louisianan artilleryman stated, "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. The CSA differed from many contemporaneous armies in that all officers under the rank of brigadier general were elected by the soldiers under their command. station23.cebu His last words were, "I'm done for save yourselves and please tell my Pa I died right.". Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. Gen. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Office of the War Department. Official Records, Series IV, Vol. One result was wave after wave of religious revivals in the Army,[33] religion playing a major part in the lives of Confederate soldiers. African American soldiers who served in the United States Colored Troops were often singled out by the Confederates and suffered extra violence when captured by them. reb. Johnny Reb is the national personification of the common soldier of the Confederacy. Local pressures mounted as Union forces occupied more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship. The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. LII, Part 2, pp. By September 1864, however, President Davis publicly admitted that two-thirds of the soldiers were absent, "most of them without leave". As one might expect, a much higher percentage of soldiers from slaveholding families than from non-slaveholding families expressed such a purpose: 33 percent, compared with 12 percent. 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? Search the history of over 797 billion Both the United States and the Confederate States began in earnest to raise large, mostly volunteer, armies,[15][16] with the opposing objectives: putting down the rebellion and preserving the Union on the one hand, and establishing independence from the United States on the other. [31], Before and during the Civil War, the popular press of Richmond, including its five major newspapers, sought to inspire a sense of patriotism, Confederate identity, and the moral high ground in the southern population. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. U.S., Confederate Service Records, 1861-1865, U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. The Confederate States Army consisted of several field armies, named after their primary area of operation. This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. Some states (such as North Carolina) were able to better supply their soldiers, while other states (such as Texas) were unable for various reasons to adequately supply their troops as the war continued. James McPherson broke down the geographical distribution of Confederate soldiers even further in his book For Cause and Comrades: State / Estimated % of all Confederate Soldiers: Virginia 14%North Carolina 15%Tennessee 12%South Carolina 6%Georgia 11%Florida 2%Alabama 9%Mississippi 7%Louisiana 6%Arkansas 3%Texas 6%Maryland 2%Kentucky 5%Missouri 3%. This was a decision made early in the conflict. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. (MA thesis Virginia Tech, 2014). [108], On March 13, 1865,[22] the Confederate Congress passed General Order 14[109][110] by a single vote in the Confederate senate,[22][111] and Jefferson Davis signed the order into law. gray. Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. While Confederate officers were generally better-supplied and were normally able to wear a regulation officer's uniform, they often chose to share other hardships such as the lack of adequate food with their troops. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. Confederate casualty figures are as incomplete and unreliable as the figures on the number of Confederate soldiers. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. The C.S. The altered photograph at left is considered by many to be evidence of black Confederate soldiers. former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. Find Confederate Soldiers stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. ', "The South's Inner Civil War: The more fiercely the Confederacy fought for its independence, the more bitterly divided it became. At first, it was thought that the Union would open fire, which would result in the Confederacy returning fire, resulting in Kirkland being caught in a crossfire. ", Scott King-Owen, "Conditional Confederates: Absenteeism among Western North Carolina Soldiers, 18611865.". Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the The supply situation for most Confederate armies was dismal, even when they were victorious on the battlefield. Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. Please note that the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System contains just an index of the men who served in the Civil War with only rudimentary information from the service records (including name, rank and unit in which they served). The Confederacy, when used within or in reference to North America, generally means the Confederate States of America. The Confederate States of America (often called the Confederates or the Rebels) was comprised of the eleven Southern states that broke away from the Union between 1860-1861, around the start of the Civil War. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. In the summer of 1862, U.S. troops captured Chief Ross, who was paroled and spent the remainder of the war in Washington and Philadelphia proclaiming Cherokee loyalty to the United States Army.[81]. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 113 (2005):340377. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. Website Name. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. [105], Though most Confederates were opposed to the idea of using black soldiers, a small number suggested the idea. Branch colors were used for the color of chevronsblue for infantry, yellow for cavalry, and red for artillery. An acrimonious and controversial debate was raised by a letter from Patrick Cleburne[106] urging the Confederacy to raise black soldiers by offering emancipation; Jefferson Davis refused to consider the proposal and issued instructions forbidding the matter from being discussed. Occasionally, regiments would be transferred between brigades. Kirkland was born in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina. Armies of more than one corps were commanded by (full) generals. Since some Confederate soldiers would have died for these reasons, more total deaths and total casualties for the Confederacy must have occurred. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain reb. It is not in the nature of these men to remain quiet in the ranks under such circumstances. 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Making educational experiences better for everyone. on June 25, 2020, There are no reviews yet. In contrast, about 25,000 Union soldiers died as a result of accidents, drowning, murder, killed after capture, suicide, execution for various crimes, execution by the Confederates (64), sunstroke, other and not stated. The morning of December 14 revealed that over 8,000 Union soldiers had been shot in front of the stone wall at Marye's Heights. i dont know the answer thats why i was looking for it on here. Only seven men achieved the rank of (full) general;[74] the highest-ranking (earliest date of rank) was Samuel Cooper, Adjutant General and Inspector General of the Confederate States Army. According to his analysis, the soldiers' faith was consoling for the loss of comrades; it was a shield against fear; it helped reduce drinking and fighting in the ranks; it enlarged the soldiers' community of close friends and helped compensate for their long-term separation from home.[38][39]. The Confederate Congress authorized the awarding of medals for courage and good conduct on October 13, 1862, but wartime difficulties prevented the procurement of the needed medals. However, no Indian regiment was to be called on to fight outside Indian Territory. Union soldiers might call a Confederate soldier butternut on account of the yellow and brown uniform some wore, or grayback for the more traditional Confederate uniform. Individual commanders often had to "beg, borrow or steal" food and ammunition from whatever sources were available, including captured U.S. depots and encampments, and private citizens regardless of their loyalties. According to historian James M. McPherson in 1994, "no black soldiers fought in the Confederate army, unless they were passing as white. Sources: Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. "[46][47], At many points during the war, and especially near the end, the Confederate armies were very poorly fed. For more information about Fold3. bushwhackers. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. "They forced their negroes to load their cannon," reported a U.S. officer. . Neal Publishing Company, 1912.McPherson, James M. For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. Howell Cobb letter to James A. Seddon January 1865. I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. Discover several new games that we've added to our collection! Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the "War of the Rebellion." Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called "rebels." For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. In April 1862,[22] the Confederacy passed the first conscription law in either Confederate or Union history, the Conscription Act,[23] which made all able bodied white men between the ages of 18 and 35 liable for a three-year term of service in the Provisional Army. Many of their soldiers deserted, returned home, and formed a military force that fought off regular army units trying to punish them. ADVERTISEMENT MORE FROM REFERENCE.COM Former Confederate secretary of state Robert Toombs said "In my opinion, the worst calamity that could befall us would be to gain our independence by the valor of our slaves instead of our own " and complained using black troops would be "a surrender of the entire slavery question. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . Religion strengthened the soldiers' loyalty to their comrades and the Confederacy. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. By the time Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on March 4, 1861, the seven seceding slave states had formed the Confederate States. In most cases, though, Confederate officers returned captured black soldiers to slavery or put them to hard labor on southern fortifications. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, Cavalry regiments from Texas, for example, often used red insignia and at least one Texas infantry regiment used black. Abstracts were made form documents in the War Department Collection of Confederate Records and from documents borrowed by the War Department in an effort to obtain as nearly complete military service records as possible. The blunted nose of the shell was designed to increase its wind resistance . Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. Too low 29 ] southern fortifications dont know the answer thats why i was looking it! 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