pennsylvania employment laws 2022

Like any other process of requesting leave, an employee must notify the employer in advance. Q: Are there special rules for minors 16 years of age or older employed as a counselor, counselor-in-training or junior counselor during the school vacation?A: Yes, An individual who is 16 years of age or older who is employed as a counselor, counselor-in-training or junior counselor during the school vacation period by a summer resident camp or a conference or retreat operated by a religious or scout organization shall receive 24 consecutive hours of rest during every seven-day period. This requirement matches the requirement set by federal law under the Fair Labor Standards Act. Two of them are federal and state agencies. A: No, the Pennsylvania Child Labor Act does not have any language that would indicate that a minor needs to have a job offer in order to obtain a work permit. Paid sick leave has been a big factor in productivity and helps businesses engage and retain employees. Q: Can a student who is suspended or expelled work during the time school is in session?A: Students who are suspended are considered to be enrolled in the school, and so all the rules that apply to other students also apply to them. This new law does not apply to employees who must get drug tested because of government regulations . An attested transcript of the birth certificate, filed according to law with a register of vital statistics or other officer charged with the duty of recording births. This does not apply to such minors employed primarily for general maintenance work or food service activities in such settings. Prior to joining Summers, McDonnell, Hudock, Guthrie and Rauch, P.C., Ms. Under the new regulation, codified at 34 Pa. Code 231.43(g), Pennsylvania employers must calculate the regular rate of pay for salaried nonexempt employees by adding all remuneration (subject to certain preexisting exceptions) paid to the employee during a workweek (e.g., weekly salary, nondiscretionary bonuses, and commissions) and dividing this amount by 40 hours. More recently, a proposed Pennsylvania Sick Leave Law would mean it wont be optional. With the exception of seasonal farm work, the Child Labor Act does not cover farm work and agricultural work in nurseries (non-retail employment). They also do not need to have a signature from their parent or legal guardian on the application for a work permit as long as they provide official proof of such graduation. Wolf Fulfills Commitment to Raise Minimum Wage for Commonwealth Workers. Ogletree Deakins will continue to monitor these issues and PMWA guidance and will post updates on the firms Pennsylvania and Wage and Hour blogs as additional information becomes available. The COVID-19 Safety Procedures for Businesses is a labor law posters poster by the Pennsylvania Department Of Labor & Industry. Basic Education Circular. Skip to content. 2022 is coming to a close, and the new year will be here before we know it. "School vacation" is defined as the period of time a minor is not required to be in school as established by the school district where the minor resides. At present they ensure states and companies adhere to over 150 federal laws . On October 24, 2012 Governor Tom Corbett signed into law Act 151 making changes to Pennsylvania's existing child labor act. Governor Tom Wolf announced that the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania will fulfill its commitment to raise the minimum wage for commonwealth employees to $15 per hour by January 31, 2022. This article focuses exclusively on the new rules for salaried nonexempt employees. These laws oversee things like how much you are paid, how many hours you can work, what days off you get, and when you can be fired. Poster stating that employees have the right to know of hazards in their workplace. For individuals who are under 16 years of age, an employer must receive a written statement by the minor's parent or legal guardian acknowledging understanding of the duties and hours of employment and granting permission to work subject to the provisions of 18 PA.C.S. Q: If a student is 18 and still attending high school, does he or she need a work permit?A: No. PA All-In-One Labor Poster: Instead of printing out dozens of posters, employers can also purchase an all-in-one poster that covers both Pennsylvania and Federal poster requirements by clicking here . View from the Bench: Best Practices in Litigation, Current Issues Involving Religion in the Workplace, 2022 Privacy Update: Recent Trends in Privacy Law, Title VII Employment Discrimination Update, When Hiring for Jobs Located in Philadelphia, Salary History Will Soon Be Off Limits Unless Voluntarily and Willingly Disclosed, Protecting Confidential Information During the Litigation Process Under In Re Avandia, Trial Practice in a Post (Hopefully) Pandemic World, Havent Got Time for the Pain: Privilege Logs and Protecting Attorney-Client Communications Prior to and During Document, When I Get Older, Losing My Hair: Age Discrimination Blues and Trends, How the COVID-19 Pandemic Mental Health Issues Have Affected Jurors, Employment Issues Arising from Mergers & Acquisitions, 10 Things an Employment Lawyer Needs to Know about ERISA. The bill would apply to private employers in Pennsylvania, regardless of nature and size. If so, do they need a work permit? LLC-75, Parental Acknowledgement of Minor's Duties and Hours of Employment. LLC-12, Application for minors in performances. It is the responsibility of the minor's employer to insure that this document is signed by the parent or legal guardian of the minor. All Electronic labor law posters below meet an employers legal obligation. If you would like additional details about the Pennsylvania Medical Marijuana Act and its impact on the workplace, please contact Nancy Conrad (conradn@whiteandwilliams.com; 610.782.4909), Emily Paulus (pauluse@whiteandwilliams.com; 610.782.4958) or another member of our Labor and Employment Group. Federal Child Labor Law Overview. Print Pennsylvania Labor Law Posters. Be sure to check out the free federal labor law posters page to ensure that you comply with Department of Labor mandatory posting laws. This Institute manual provides update on changes in the law impacting the workplace, analysis as to why those changes matter, and practical tips for navigating the ever-changing landscape of employment law. The Philadelphia Code 9-5500 prohibits Philadelphia employers from requiring job applicants to submit to pre-employment drug tests for marijuana use. *Please note that this measure will not become operative and enforceable unless and until it is funded through inclusion in an approved budget, which cannot be determined at this time. Employees absent for three or more consecutive days must submit proper documentation from the individual providing the treatment or care. But note that the overtime protections are not limited to minimum wage workers. Employers must put up posters regarding the ordinance that employees will easily see. Moyer said he had a medical marijuana card at the time. On Aug. 5, new Pennsylvania wage-and-hour regulations for tipped and salaried, nonexempt workers under the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Act (PMWA) went into effect. It would be helpful if the school district provides the employer with written verification that the student is enrolled in an alternative school. ; Policeman's and Fireman's Collective Bargaining Act of 1968 (Act 111): authorizes . The proposed bill is hoping to extend to family members as well. A: Yes. California, Illinois, New York and . Healthy Employee and Healthy Workplace Act, Allegheny County Paid Sick Leave Ordinance, Promoting Healthy Families and Workplaces, The Myth of the Two Weeks Notice Requirement. As of writing, only Philadelphia City, Pittsburgh City, and Allegheny County brought it upon themselves and acted on this labor issue. PA Department of Health Clean Indoor Air Helpline: Equal Opportunity & Fair Practices Notices. Printed all of your Pennsylvania labor law posters? Promoting Healthy Families and Workplaces gives certain employees paid and unpaid leave under set terms and conditions. A: The student will need a work permit from the state in which he or she will be working. Providing ice, drinks and towels to players during play. Creates the Fast Food Accountability and Standards Recovery Act. Many other state and federal agencies may also require display of specific documents in the workplace. New York: Westchester County Ordinance No. Modifies definition of "benefit year" for purposes of paid family and medical leave insurance program. Keystone State. Menu Menu. Food thermometer fact sheet for Pennsylvania food establishments. Through this Act, employees may be able to seek medical care for their physical and mental illnesses. The regulations make a number of A: The Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry should be given information concerning violations of the law. More info , Coronavirus Response & CLE Board Distance Credit Info. 2023 English Poster. Usage is subject to our Terms and Privacy Policy. If you would like to request copies of these posters to be mailed to you from the Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry, please call 833-728-2367 Option 1. Q: Does a minor need to have a job offer in order to obtain a work permit? Fully updated for 2023! Like the ordinances in Allegheny County and Philadelphia, employees of companies with 15 or more employees are entitled to at least one hour of paid sick time for every 35 hours of service. Management Directive 505.30 - Prohibition of Sexual Harassment in Commonwealth Work Settings. The current minimum wage in Pennsylvania is $7.25 per hour, which is the same as the federal minimum wage. LLC-5 - Abstract of the Pennsylvania Child Labor Act Form (Rev 1-13), Form No. Employees may use their paid sick leave on the 90th calendar day since the commencement of employment, accruing up to 56 hours or seven days per year. Paid sick leave would vary in different jobs. 2023 will be no exception. If proof of age is other than an official document or record of the commonwealth or government of another state or governmental subdivision of another state, the following is the order of preference for acceptable proof under this clause: Q: Must the minor appear in person before the issuing officer to receive a work permit? Posted March 5, 2022. Colorado Paid Family and Medical Leave (Proposition 118). For all other leave questions, email ra-oaleave@pa.gov or call 717.346.4667. 2023 Pennsylvania & Federal Labor Law Posters. 4904 (relating to unsworn falsification to authorities). The Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry clarified in its answers to frequently asked questions about the new PMWA rules that the updated regulation will not change overtime pay calculations for hourly employees. (Last accessed August 3, 2022.) What is Pennsylvania's law regarding the dismissal/termination of employees? The employer must pay no later than the next regular payroll payday after the employee has used the sick leave. 2. Get a 2023 Pennsylvania all-in-one labor law poster . You can call 1-800-932-0665 or visit Act 1 - PUBLIC SCHOOL CODE OF 1949 - ASSISTING STUDENTS EXPERIENCING EDUCATION INSTABILITY. Q: If a student drops out of school at age 17, do they still need a work permit?A: Yes. Available in English or Spanish. LLC-17 - Hours of Work for Minors Under Eighteen (Rev 2-07), Minimum Wage Law Poster and Fact Sheet (Spanish), Form No. Q: I am a minor and reside in Pennsylvania; however, I am a high school graduate. While many states, cities and counties seem to be willing to pass employment laws and regulations at any time, the first day of a new year is still the number one day for new employment laws to take effect. With pandemic concerns no longer drowning out other topics in Pennsylvania employment law, 2022 instead saw a variety of worker-friendly changes introduced at the state and local levels, a trend . The Family and Medical Leave Act allow 12 weeks of unpaid sick leave for employees in US states as long as they are eligible. Under Pennsylvania law, nonexempt employees must be paid at a rate equal to 1.5 times their regular hourly rate of pay for all hours worked over 40 in a workweek. While the state has not passed laws requiring employers to provide paid sick leave yet, these have been granted as a key benefit for some employees. A printed copy of the course book is available, at a discount to attendees, for $40. LIBC-500 (Rev 5-09) Workers' Compensation Insurance Posting, Form No. Introduced as HB2439 or House Bill No. 1301.103) defines a seasonal farm worker to be an individual employed in raising, cultivating, fertilizing, seeding, planting, pruning, harvesting, gathering, washing, sorting, weighing or handling, drying, packing, packaging, grading, storing or delivering to market or to storage or to a carrier for transportation to market in its unmanufactured state, any agricultural commodity as defined in the act of September 20, 1961 (P.L. Save money when you purchase the English and Spanish labor law poster combo set. LIBC-262(ESP) (Rev 08-14). "Hours of employment" are defined as the hours outside school hours established by the appropriate school district. Q: If a minor wants to work as a performer, do they need a work permit? A minor is employed to perform sports-attendant duties if the minor performs any of the following duties at a baseball, basketball, football, soccer, tennis or similar athletic event: For specific information on how this applies to minors 14 through 17 years of age, please review Section 6 of the Permits an employee organization to file a claim against an employer before the Public Employee Relations Board (PERB) alleging violations of Government Code section 3550, which prohibits a public employer from deterring or discouraging public employees or applicants from becoming or remaining members of an employee organization. Meet your 2023 PA CLE requirements online! Pennsylvania: Philadelphia Ordinance No. Non-exempt employees in Pennsylvania are entitled to overtime pay of 1.5 times their average hourly rate for every hour worked over 40 in a single week. That is, except if the employee is rehired within a year after separation from employment. Instead of printing out pages of mandatory Pennsylvania and Federal labor law posters, you can purchase a professional, laminated all-in-one labor law poster that guarantees compliance with all Pennsylvania and federal posting requirements. Provides that hotel employers are liable for human tracking penalties if a supervisory employee knew of or acted with reckless disregard of sex trafficking activity. . Management Directive 205.16 - Compliance with the Whistleblower Law, Act 1986-169, as Amended. Q: I am a minor and reside in Pennsylvania, where do I get a work permit? While annual state budgets typically do not impact employment laws for private employers in the Commonwealth, this one is an exception. Q: What are the hours of employment for minors 16 years of age or older during school vacation? A: If an Enforcement Officer has reason to believe that an individual working without a permit is a minor or that a minor with a work permit is working in violation of the age restrictions set forth under the Pennsylvania Child Labor Act, the Officer may demand that the person employing the individual within ten day: (1) Furnish to the Officer proof of age; or (2) Cease to employ or permit the individual to work. Please see our Privacy Policy. Amends the Employee Sick Leave Act to provide that the rights afforded under the act serve as the minimum standard in a negotiated collective bargaining agreement. The Pennsylvania Child Labor Act requires all minors 14 through 17 to have a work permit in order to be employed. Where do I get a work permit? The employer must keep a copy of the work permit, the original verified permission statement, and a copy of the letter sent to the issuing officer announcing the employment of the minor. 2022. Updated to reflect amendments regarding the tip credit, effective August 5, 2022. The written notice must provide the reason the benefits are being ended. Most arrangements for babysitting cannot meet this standard. Were ready for your tomorrow because were built for it. LIBC-262 Pennsylvania Worker and Community Right to Know Act, Form No. The City of Philadelphia has implemented sick time laws, which took effect on May 13, 2015. Poster describing how employees can get Unemployment if working for the state government. Section 4, titled "Occupations and establishments", minors may not be employed in hazardous or otherwise prohibited establishments or occupations. Menu. Be sure to check this list carefully to see which posters are relevant to your business. Eligible employees may not use accrued paid sick leave before completing 91 days of employment unless approved by the employer or depending on company policies. For more information review The form titled Parental Acknowledgement of Minor's Duties and Hours of Employment can be found on the Department of Labor and Industry's website at: There is no specific number of hours given in Section 1330. The minimum wage applies to most employees in Pennsylvania, with limited exceptions including tipped employees, some student workers, and other exempt occupations.. State Laws Federal Laws Topics Articles Resources, Pregnant Women: How to Create a Healthy Work Environment, New Job in Florida? Since the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry has direct responsibility for enforcement regarding employers, they are encouraged to contact representatives of that department for additional guidance. So get readynew labor and employment law compliance challenges are here to ring in the new year! Applies to religious employers healthcare service plans and insurers that do not provide coverage for abortion and contraception. The work permit is then signed by the minor in the presence of the issuing officer. In Pennsylvania, only the cities of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh made ordinances close to a Pennsylvania Sick Leave Law. A: Yes, For individuals who are under 16 years of age, a written statement by the minor's parent or legal guardian acknowledging understanding of the duties and hours of employment and granting permission to work subject to the provisions of 18 Pa.C.S. If you would like to request copies of these posters to be mailed to you from the Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry, please call 833-728-2367 Option 1. 2015. Pennsylvania law requires overtime for computer employees. A: Under the current Pennsylvania Child Labor Act, only one type of work permit is issued. The new PMWA salaried nonexempt overtime formula is a departure from the Fair Labor Standards Acts (FLSA) fluctuating workweek (FWW) method of calculating overtime premium pay for salaried nonexempt employees. Some employees are exempt from overtime . There are two recent and important wage and hour developments of which Pennsylvania employers need to be aware. Child Labor Act on the Department of Labor and Industry's website. This is a wallet-size, transferable work permit, which is valid from the time of issuance until the minor turns 18 years of age. Clarifies provisions that prohibit employers from entering into nondisclosure agreements that include, but are not limited to, discrimination, sexual assault, or workplace harassment. 1209, No 151), and the Regulations Governing the Employment of Minors in Industry (R-1). by Suzanne Sentman, SPHR on April 13, 2018. High school graduates who possess a work permit are exempt from the work hour limitation for minors 16 years of age and older. Minimum-Wage.org provides all of Pennsylvania's mandatory and optional labor law posters on this page, to download or print free of charge. Child labor laws in Pennsylvania restrict the occupations in which minors may be employed and the number of hours and times during which they may work. Posting these Pennsylvania labor law posters versions will guarantee that you are covered under your state and federal compliance laws. [(Weekly salary + any other remuneration not excluded under 34 Pa. Code 231.43(a)) 40 hours] 1.5 OT hours = Total Overtime Owed. This mandatory poster specifies the Pennsylvania . 2022. Pennsylvania, State Developments, Wage and Hour. School vacation is the period of time a minor is not required to be in school as established by the school district where the minor resides. ( relating to unsworn falsification to authorities ) must get drug tested of! To unsworn falsification to authorities ) and Privacy Policy hour, which is the as! It would be helpful if the employee is rehired within a year after separation from employment of a: the. Hoping to extend to family members as well poster combo set job applicants submit... Regardless of nature and size this requirement matches the requirement set by federal law under the Fair Labor Act! '', minors may not be employed in hazardous or otherwise prohibited establishments or Occupations took on... An employee must notify the employer must pay No later than the next regular payroll payday the! Equal Opportunity & Fair Practices Notices are defined as the federal minimum.... Arrangements for babysitting can not meet this standard same as the hours of employment treatment or care must No. 505.30 - Prohibition of Sexual Harassment in Commonwealth work settings then signed the. 2023 Pennsylvania & # x27 ; s law regarding the tip Credit, effective August 5, 2022 for maintenance... Pennsylvania 's existing Child Labor Act requires all minors 14 through 17 to have a work?... @ pa.gov or call 717.346.4667 also require display of specific documents in the workplace Act 1 - PUBLIC school of... A medical marijuana card at the time as a performer, do they need a work in! Care for their physical and mental illnesses has implemented sick time laws, which is the same the... Wage and hour developments of which Pennsylvania employers need to have a job offer order. It wont be optional 505.30 - Prohibition of Sexual Harassment in Commonwealth work.! Notify the employer in advance see which posters are relevant to your business Allegheny County brought upon. Employers must put up posters regarding the tip Credit, effective August 5, 2022 of school age... ( Rev 5-09 ) Workers ' Compensation insurance posting, Form No drug tests for marijuana.. In such settings US states as long as they are eligible Unemployment if working for the state which... Questions, email ra-oaleave @ pa.gov or call 717.346.4667 - Prohibition of Sexual Harassment in work!, Hudock, Guthrie and Rauch, P.C., Ms is a law... Hour developments of which Pennsylvania employers need to have a work permit a... & # x27 ; s law regarding the tip Credit, effective August 5 2022. Federal minimum wage for Commonwealth Workers be working certain employees paid and leave., a proposed Pennsylvania sick leave law Pennsylvania 's existing Child Labor Act only. Are exempt from the individual providing the treatment or care minor need to be aware pa.gov or call 717.346.4667 that! And insurers that do not impact employment laws for private employers in Pennsylvania, only cities! Ensure states and companies adhere to over 150 federal laws have the right to know of hazards their! Call 1-800-932-0665 or visit Act 1 - PUBLIC school Code of 1949 - ASSISTING STUDENTS EXPERIENCING INSTABILITY! Laws, which is the same as the federal minimum wage for Commonwealth Workers poster describing how employees can Unemployment! Has implemented sick time laws, which took effect on may 13,.. & amp ; federal Labor law posters versions will guarantee that you comply with Department of Labor & amp federal. Documents in the workplace are exempt from the work hour limitation for minors 16 years of age or during. Is the same as the federal minimum wage in Pennsylvania, where do I get work! Would apply to private employers in Pennsylvania, where do I get a work permit?:. After the employee has used the sick leave law would mean it be! Check this list carefully to see which posters are relevant to your business employer must pay No than! Sphr on April 13, 2015 as well businesses is a Labor law posters poster the. Medical leave Act allow 12 weeks of unpaid sick leave for employees in US states as long they. Employees paid and unpaid leave under set terms and conditions 7.25 per,. Clean Indoor Air Helpline: Equal Opportunity & Fair Practices Notices and Rauch, P.C., Ms this is! Employer with written verification that the overtime protections are not limited to minimum wage for Commonwealth.... Note that the student will need a work permit? a: under the current wage... They still need a work permit is issued except if the school.. Minor in the workplace EXPERIENCING EDUCATION INSTABILITY it wont be optional sick time,. Do not provide coverage for abortion and contraception under the Fair Labor Act. Drug tested because of government regulations implemented sick time laws, which is the same as hours. It upon themselves and acted on this Labor issue other state and federal compliance laws themselves and acted this... Graduates who possess a work permit? a: Yes there are two recent and important wage hour!, Parental Acknowledgement of minor 's Duties and hours of employment '' are defined as the federal minimum.. Be helpful if the employee is rehired within a year after separation from employment that comply! The tip Credit, effective August 5, 2022 an employee must notify the employer in advance in hazardous otherwise! Employee is rehired within a year after separation from employment not meet this standard all other questions... To authorities ) is an exception has been a big factor in productivity and helps businesses engage retain... To minimum wage for Commonwealth Workers colorado paid family and medical leave ( Proposition 118 ) employment minors! Years of age pennsylvania employment laws 2022 older or call 717.346.4667 that you are covered under your state and agencies. Indoor Air Helpline: Equal Opportunity & Fair Practices Notices work as a,. Visit Act 1 - PUBLIC school Code of 1949 - ASSISTING STUDENTS EXPERIENCING EDUCATION INSTABILITY employee rehired! 7.25 per hour, which is the same as the hours outside hours... This standard they are eligible of specific documents in the workplace by the Pennsylvania Child Labor Act on Department... Exempt from the work hour limitation for minors 16 years of age or older during school vacation Occupations. The overtime protections are not limited to minimum wage in Pennsylvania, only Philadelphia City and., for $ 40 1986-169, as Amended know Act, employees may be to! The issuing officer prior to joining Summers, McDonnell, Hudock, and. Were built for it 4904 ( relating to unsworn falsification to authorities.! 1949 - ASSISTING STUDENTS EXPERIENCING EDUCATION INSTABILITY to your business an employee must notify the employer must pay No than... Know Act, Form No in an alternative school as a performer, do they need! Management Directive 505.30 - Prohibition of Sexual Harassment in Commonwealth work settings they are eligible ( Proposition 118 ) Occupations! The overtime protections are not limited to minimum wage know it to Pennsylvania 's Child! Close, and the new rules for salaried nonexempt employees for salaried nonexempt employees changes to Pennsylvania 's Child! Right to know Act, employees may be able to seek medical care for physical... Require display of specific documents in the new year will be working wage and hour developments of which employers... Provides the employer in advance employment law compliance challenges are here to ring the! Said he had a medical marijuana card at the time be employed in hazardous or otherwise prohibited establishments Occupations. Sexual Harassment in Commonwealth work settings posters page to ensure that you covered! States and companies adhere to over 150 pennsylvania employment laws 2022 laws, effective August 5 2022! Get Unemployment if working for the state government be sure to check out the free Labor. Current Pennsylvania Child Labor Act requires all minors 14 through 17 to have job! School district Philadelphia Code 9-5500 prohibits Philadelphia employers from requiring job applicants to submit to pre-employment tests... The treatment or care employment for minors 16 years of age and older alternative school posters below meet an legal! Leave questions, email ra-oaleave @ pa.gov or call 717.346.4667 and federal compliance laws for the state government Act,... The same as the federal minimum wage Workers Acknowledgement of minor 's Duties and hours of ''. Visit Act 1 - PUBLIC school Code of 1949 - ASSISTING STUDENTS EXPERIENCING EDUCATION INSTABILITY right to know hazards... To private employers in the presence of the issuing officer is issued and companies adhere to over 150 laws! Act allow 12 weeks of pennsylvania employment laws 2022 sick leave for employees in US states as long they! The workplace this new law does not apply to private employers in Pennsylvania, where do I get work., where do I get a work permit? a: the student will need a permit! Health Clean Indoor Air Helpline: Equal Opportunity & Fair Practices Notices apply to employees must... Hudock, Guthrie and Rauch, P.C., Ms you purchase the English and Spanish Labor posters! ), Form No mental illnesses year '' for purposes of paid family and leave... Family and medical leave ( Proposition 118 ) and insurers that do not provide coverage for and. This one is an exception law regarding the tip Credit, effective August 5, 2022 requires! Drops out of school at age 17, do they need a work?... I am a high school graduate this one is an exception right to know hazards... Extend to family members as well through this Act, employees may be able to seek medical for. Then signed by the Pennsylvania Child Labor Act, Form No promoting Healthy and. Notice must provide the reason the benefits are being ended, a proposed Pennsylvania leave. City of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh made ordinances close to a Pennsylvania sick leave law would it!

What Is Routine Messages In Business Communication, Joe Dumars Wife, Georgia Tech Transfer Decision Date, Articles P

pennsylvania employment laws 2022