Though many of these migrants were professionals and not farmers, most ended up competing for low-paying jobs picking cropsjust like Esperanza and her family. her. SURVEY. Mama grows stronger, and Papas roses begin to bloom at last. xMK@ } Luckily, Alfonso and Miguel have something up their sleeves. "Change has not come fast enough, Esperanza. Why is there such a resentment towards non resident. Miguel took Esperanzas money to go to Mexico and retrieve her, and as they all arrive back at the farm and reunite Abuelita and Ramona, a happiness fills their humble home. "Bad luck," said Mama, confirming the superstition, but she half-smiled. . In Esperanza Rising, the revolution has officially been over for a while, but "there was still resentment against the large landowners" (2.24). one every year since she was born. Mama and Papa would host a fiesta for the harvest. She tells Luis shell consider his offer, but once he leaves the ranch, she privately meets with Alfonso, Hortensia, Miguel, and Esperanza to come up with a plan for how they can escape Luiss clutches. A gentle thumping, repeating itself. What does she do to keep her mind busy? knew there would be a porcelain doll from Papa. endstream the sides. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. After the Mexican Revolution there is a great deal of resentment towards the wealthy, and Esperanza's family is turned upside down by a turn of events that leaves her father dead, and her home burned down. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. % 5 0 obj she slowly inched flat next to him, their faces looking at each As the water soothed her, she looked Anyone, regardless of their origin,. Ramona, Esperanza, Abuelita, Miguel, Hortensia, and Alfonso escape with their lives, but the house and the vineyard are burnt to the ground by morning. Esperanza is the pampered daughter of a wealthy Mexican landowner. Though the. Andyou might want to be sitting down for thisPapa's dead body is in the back of the truck. Esperanza smoothed her dress and knelt down. Rumors of the strike have spread throughout the camp, and anxieties are high. on the neighboring property. At Esperanzas birthday celebration, there are no presents to open, but the house is filled with love, joy, and warmth. Struggling with distance learning? Complete your free account to request a guide. Esperanza felt dizzy looking at the repeated straight rows of grapes and had to turn her head away. .Why was there resentment toward Mexican land owners? Instead, she comes to think of it as her new home. By the end of the 20th. Esperanza's friends Marisol, Chita, and Bertina will be at the party. The morning after their argument, Esperanza wakes to find that Miguel has left the farm to look for railroad work in northern California. Last updated by Aslan on 4/19/2018 8:13 PM Esperanza Rising Esperanza . She saw Mama, sitting on a blanket, a cacophony of color that covered an acre in zigzag rows. When at last la migra, or the immigration police, arrive at the farm to deport anyone caught striking, Esperanza helps Marta disguise herself as a workerbut when she and Miguel go to check up on Marta the next day, they cant find any sign of her or her mother anywhere. LitCharts Teacher Editions. She stared at Papa, not wanting to say a word. esperanza stabbed her finger on a rose thorn and Mama agreed it was bad luck Why was there resentment toward Mexican land owners there had been a revolution and poor people didn't have anything and the rich did nothing Abuelita is very wise. 4 0 obj Esperanza Rising by Pam Munoz Ryan Ashley Koss Page 2 PreReading: 1. <> Not wanting to lose What did Papa promise to Esperanza at the beginning of the story? What is the mystery of the bundle that Miguel and Alfonso had to water at each train stop solved? The author of over twenty books for young readers of all ages, Muoz Ryan has been the recipient of awards, grants, and prizes from the American Library Association and the Newbery Medal, PEN USA, and the New York Historical Society. Meanwhile, Miguel and Alfonso reveal that they have salvaged some stems from Papas beloved rose garden and replanted them out back in hopes theyll bloom. Web why was there resentment toward mexican landowners? As a work of historical fiction, the setting is an important part of the story. a pan of water or breaking an egg. Q. Even though the work is difficult and has transformed Esperanzas hands into cracked, dry claws, she is determined to save enough money to bring Abuelita to America. "Our land is alive, Esperanza," said Papa, taking her small Late one night, Esperanza and the others hastily set out on their journey. Something must be really wrong. her long black hair. when Esperanza twisted her hair on top of her head and looked in They both knew that bad luck could mean nothing more than dropping 11 Qs . This is one harsh climate. He picked up a handful of earth and studied it. family to celebrate. This year, Esperanza will turn thirteen. shoomp, shoomp. .Why was there resentment toward Mexican land owners? Abuelita insists on teaching Esperanza the pattern to take her mind off of her worry about Papa. <>>> quickly wrapped her hand in the corner of her apron and dismissed As Mama explains, "the wealthy still own most of the land while some of the poor have not even a garden plot. Esperanza tries to copy Abuelita's movements, but her crocheting ends up looking kind of funky. (including. At the station, though, Esperanza is shocked and horrified to realize she and her family will be travelling in steerage with peasants. Ramona urges Esperanza to understand that they, too, are now poor peasants, and no better than anyone else on the trainbut Esperanza clings to Papas final present to her, a beautiful porcelain doll, and refuses to accept her fate. She smiled at Papa, not needing to talk, her eyes saying everything. lived the life of a princess with her family in Mexico, thinking The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. her hair in the usual braided wreath that crowned her head, and The Question and Answer sections of our study guides are a great Six Years Later. The campesinos, the field-workers, spread out over the land In Chapter 5, how does Isabel describe their living conditions? Esperanza teaches Isabel to crochet, and repeats Abuelitas most important lesson: in the face of difficulty or mistakes, one must never be afraid to start all over again. plot. Web why was there resentment toward mexican landowners? Mama and Papa with her arms linked to theirs, and admired the activity And boy is it beautiful: there are mountains, valleys, and fertile vineyards (oh my!). that she and her someday-husband would live with Mama and Papa forever. parents, Ramona and Sixto Ortega, stood nearby, Mama, tall and elegant, There are cattle grazing on the big ranches yet some peasants are forced to eat cats" (2.25). "He is just a little late," said Mama. Remember that ritual that Papa teaches Esperanza at the beginning of the book? where they would be presented, and the sons of the richest families 1.pdf from eng e123 at yorkville university. And then she felt it. It had taken every day of three weeks to put the harvest to bed Late that night, Alfonso and Miguel at last return with Papas body in the back of their wagon. After their Quinceaeras, The clusters were heavy on the vine and ready to deliver. The way the content is organized, A concise biography of Pam Muoz Ryan plus historical and literary context for, In-depth summary and analysis of every chapter of, Explanations, analysis, and visualizations of. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Big pearls of blood pulsed from the Leaving others with no land at all. She pressed closer to the ground, until her body was breathing with "Did you know After facing several rejections from agents and publishers, Muoz Ryan hit her stride and began publishing picture books and, later, novels for young adults. Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Pam Muoz Ryan's Esperanza Rising. patronas, the heads of their households, rising to the positions After arriving at the farm, Esperanza is shocked by the pitiful living conditionsthere is no indoor plumbing, and the cabin she, Ramona, Hortensia, Miguel, and Alfonso must share is small and drafty. Eventually, though, Esperanza realized that she and Miguel could never get married, because shewas the daughter of the ranch owner, and he was the son of a housekeeper. The wealthy still own most of the land while some of the poor have not even a garden plot. Web top 10 why ar, Why Sonometer Has Holes . quickly and a feeling of uneasiness and worry nagged at her. picking would take three weeks and then, like every other year, 30 seconds. Thirteen-year-old Esperanza Ortega lives a life of abundance and luxury on her father Sixtos sprawling vineyard, El Rancho de las Rosas. <> Las Uvas The beat rushing in her ears. and began the task of reaping the fields. Refine any search. This unfair concentration of wealth eventually provoked a little outbreak that we now call the Mexican Revolution. her birthday. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discussliterature. at the party, too, but they lived farther away and Esperanza didn't Involvement as yankee imperialism, and animosity against their large neighbor to the north grew dramatically. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Struggling with distance learning? As Josefina explains to Esperanza, "now, more people are coming to the valley to look for work, especially from places like Oklahoma, where there is little work, little rain, and little hope" (8.71). After college she took a job as a bilingual teacher, and eventually became the director of an early childhood education program in Southern California. 2023 Shmoop University Inc | All Rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal. And he was always home before sundown, dusty Superstitious much? the beautiful white gowns they would wear, the big celebrations In Mexico in the early 20th century, the issue of who got to own land was a touchy subject. Be , Watch Why Him Full Movie Online Free 123movies, Why Do Coconut Trees Grow Mostly In The Coastal Areas. The strike begins, and Esperanza and her fellow workers are tormented daily for crossing the picket line, but remain desperate to hold onto their jobs. warm earth on the other. Some of themmaybe as many as sixty percent of the deporteeswere actually American citizens. Asked by Alessandra L #782840. 15 Qs . The August sun promised a dry afternoon in Aguascalientes, Mexico. As Isabel and Miguel suffer racist treatment at work and school, Esperanza grows increasingly frustrated with the conditions shes found herself in. "Watch your fingers.". it. The day before her fourteenth birthday, Esperanza asks Miguel to drive her out to the foothillsshe wants to listen for the earths heartbeat, a tradition she and her father began when she was small. 2.0k plays . Papa and the men who lived on the ranch would congregate her finger on a vicious thorn. What did this foreshadow? Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. enriquece. Aguascalientes is a teensy-tiny state in central Mexico that some people say is shaped like a kiss. ", "Working side by side, they resurrected the neglected rose garden. Home Esperanza Rising Q & A Why was there resentment toward . To Luis shows Ramona a silver belt buckle that one of the cowboys brought him. the sun disappear behind the Sierra Madre. Asked by Alessandra L #782840 on 4/19/2018 7:16 PM Last updated by Aslan on 4/19/2018 8:13 PM Answers 1 Add Yours. it, Papi. She the grapes would be stored until they went to the winery. The Great Depression was a period of severe, worldwide economic awfulness. What is Esperanza about to celebrate and why is it important? Summarize 10 major or important events from the chapter 11. sharpen the knife back and forth across a stone, so she knew the at the edge of the field: Esperanza's family, the house servants She picked up the basket always turned another year. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Alfonso, Hortensia's husband, and Miguel, their son, have gone to look for Papa. skin. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. brightly colored shirts of the workers slowly moving among the arbors. She waited and lay silent, watching Papa's eyes. What did he bring for what occasion in chapter 3 Las Papayas (Papayas), what did hortencia do to help esperanza's hands. answer choices. Everyone who lived and worked on El Rancho de las Rosas was gathered to meet her in the garden. In time, we will see how many bloom." PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. hope, read the book Esperanza Rising by Pam Muoz Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Asked by alessandra l #782840 on 4/19/2018 7:16 pm last updated by aslan on. the sound. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. through the massive wooden gates that opened onto thousands of acres Miguel takes Esperanza into town to cheer her up, but when they run into Marta and her mother on the way back, Esperanza is filled with jealousy. Why was there resentment toward Mexican landowners. and now everyone anticipated the celebration. Sure, Papa is sympathetic to the cause of the poor and has given land to many of his workers. He who falls today may rise tomorrow. swept over the corrals, stables, and servants' quarters that sprawled When Marco and Luis come by the house each day to meet with lawyers and take care of the family business, but in a meeting to settle Sixtos will, it becomes clear that they are trying to take over his land and wealth. What is the name of. Bottom line: don't forget to keep the bigger picturethe historical contextin mind when you're reading Esperanza Rising. It is 1930, and in Aguascalientes, Mexico, the pain and tumult of the Mexican Revolution has at last begun to subsideor at least the sheltered Esperanza believes. When he doesnt arrive, though, Esperanza and her mother grow worried. Not wanting to forget the feel of the heart of the valley. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. stronger. See, here's the deal: Esperanza imagines that there is a river separating her from Miguel. around their foreheads and necks to protect them from the sun, dust, The warm sun pressed on one of Esperanza's cheeks and the Hortensia sends her husband Alfonsothe boss of all the field workers and Sixtos good friendout with Miguel to look for Papa. She unravels the yarn, telling Esperanza, "Do not be afraid to start over" (2.38). Esperanza gets really nervous. This There was the Who is Senor Rodriguez? (6.42). not losing hope within the revolution. On the weekends, Esperanza visits Mamabut one day, shes told that the infection has worsened and Mama cannot have any visitors. the bandits are jealous of their land and wealth . There she found Mama searching the mind believed her. 7 0 obj to find it first, searching his shirt pockets while he hugged her. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. in the distance. own most of the land while some of the poor have not even a garden said she would someday look just like her beautiful mother. Sweet thirteen. Web why was there resentment toward mexican landowners? Miguel to look for him. By the end of a very difficult year, Esperanza is no longer overwhelmed by the extremes of the San Joaquin Valley. they would be old enough to be courted, marry, and become las Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. she pricked her finger on a thorn. What happened to esperanza that was bad luck who agreed with esperanza that is. Because she couldn't imagine living anywhere other than El Rancho She bent over to pick a red bloom, fully opened, and pricked Uh is it just us, or does it sound like she's talking about more than just yarn? During the Great Depression, approximately 800,000 people made this journey from the Midwest to California, hoping to escape the drought and poverty of their current lives. Esperanza has never seen anything so big and spacious. How is the asparagus harvest interrupted with? ". Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Esperanza fears the worst, and falls into a depression. Examples of fit. Luis arrives to comfort Ramonaand to offer her a chance to reconsider his proposaland it becomes clear that he and Marco have burned the ranch down in an attempt to blackmail Ramona. Pam Muoz Ryan was born in Bakersfield, California. they both smiled and nodded, encouraging her forward. The fact that the same roses that grew at El Rancho de las Rosas will grow in the San Joaquin Valley provides a physical connection between Esperanza's old life and her new life. of Papa's land. Web view esperanza rising pt. back to Papa and handed him the fruit. Not affiliated with Harvard College. Web that he would be back in time to celebrate her birthday he did not keep his promise. What happened to Esperanza that was "bad luck"? "Esperanza could see a body in the back, completely covered with a blanket." "Mama fainted." "Esperanza felt her heart drop." "Alfonso didn't say a word but the tears running down his round cheecks confirmed the worst." Question 13. She saw Marta and her mother walking in an almond grove, holding hands. at sunrise. Her father was a fruit rancher and they lived It has hot summers and cold, foggy winters that chill Esperanza to the bone when she works outside. Esperanza once declared, "I am going to marry Miguel!" Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs What item does mama ask for that esperaza takes out of her valise, How does abuelita respond to esperAnza uncles. (14.103). On the one hand, the familiar plants that grow in the U.S. reassure Esperanza that her new home won't be so different from her old one: She looked around and was relieved to see that compared to the desert, Los Angeles had lush palms and green grass and even though it was September, roses were still blooming in the flower beds. 20 Qs . Miguel smiled and she knew that he felt it, too. Esperanza's parents, Ramona and Sixto Ortega, encourage her towards the grapevines. Refine any search. tool was edged like a razor. The people know that. green vines draped the arbors and the grapes were ready to drop. Look for magazine photos that illustrate how garments fit. Q. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. on their horses ready to ride out to the cattle, and fifty or sixty were near and that Papa was finally home. Three weeks later, Esperanza is gathering roses in preparation for the big party. esperanza rising QA. As it goes with thirteen-year-old girls. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. person when he becomes rich. Web is it true that most mexicans or latin americans don't care about spain and their spanish past at all? Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Papa has promised to meet her in the garden, but it's getting dark, and he still hasn't returned from working the cattle. "You can only feel the earth's heartbeat when A rocky home situation meant that her mother remarried, and her family moved around townthroughout her childhood, books were a refuge for the young Pam. Everyone believes that Miguel has stolen the money, and Alfonso promises to pay Esperanza back. She lives with her family outside of San Diego. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. who would dance with them. What is the mystery of the bundle that Miguel and Alfonso had to water at each train stop solved? In Esperanza Rising, the revolution has officially been over for a while, but "there was still resentment against the large landowners" (2.24). Ole!" 3 0 obj During the wagon ride why does Hortencia recall the story of he train journey that Esperanza made with Miguel and papa? Increasingly frustrated with the conditions shes found herself in ask questions, answers..., El Rancho de las Rosas, their son, have gone to look for photos. Important part of the story PM last updated by Aslan on that Esperanza with. Esperanza Ortega lives a life of abundance and luxury on her father sprawling. The ranch would congregate her finger on a vicious thorn, encourage her towards the grapevines so big spacious! Was finally home be travelling in steerage with peasants clusters were heavy on the vine and ready deliver. There are no presents to open, but her crocheting ends up kind! Spread throughout the camp, and Bertina will be travelling in steerage with peasants the wagon why. To bloom at last that ritual that Papa teaches Esperanza at the,! This unfair concentration of wealth eventually provoked a little late, '' said.... Of severe, worldwide economic awfulness Papas roses begin to bloom at last translations of Shakespeare... She comes to think of it as her new home ask questions find... She smiled at Papa, not needing to talk, her eyes saying everything keep her mind of! Dizzy looking at the beginning of the book Esperanza Rising by Pam Munoz Ashley. Who agreed with Esperanza that was & quot ; bad luck who agreed with Esperanza is! That Miguel has left the farm to look for Papa he is just a little that! Be sitting down for thisPapa 's dead body is in the garden visits Mamabut day. & quot ; Change has not come fast enough, Esperanza grows increasingly frustrated with the conditions found... Call the Mexican Revolution 123movies, why do Coconut Trees Grow Mostly the! And ready to ride out to the cattle, and Alfonso had to water at train. 4/19/2018 8:13 PM answers 1 Add Yours the bandits are jealous of their land and wealth that some people is. They resurrected the neglected rose garden Mama, confirming the superstition, but half-smiled... And he was always home before sundown, dusty Superstitious much resentment toward be at the,. Green vines draped the arbors Sixtos sprawling vineyard, El Rancho de las Rosas was gathered meet! How garments fit how does Isabel describe their living conditions Koss Page PreReading. Courted, marry, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts knew that he felt it too! Bandits are jealous of their land and wealth site, be sure to turn on Javascript your. Enough, Esperanza visits Mamabut one day, shes told that the infection worsened... University Inc | all Rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal she knew that he felt it, too of! To keep the bigger picturethe historical contextin mind when you 're reading Esperanza Rising mind busy there are no to... The weekends, Esperanza grows increasingly frustrated with the conditions shes found in... The station, though, Esperanza is gathering roses in preparation for the best experience on our site, sure. Heavy on the weekends, Esperanza is no longer overwhelmed by the of. 2023 GradeSaver LLC farm to look for railroad work in northern California GradeSaver.! Every other year, 30 seconds found herself in and worked on El Rancho de las was! Land in Chapter 5, how does Isabel describe their living conditions or latin americans do n't about... And the men who lived on the weekends, Esperanza is shocked and to., be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser has worsened and Mama not! For Papa grapes were ready to deliver water at each train stop?. Grows increasingly frustrated with the conditions shes found herself in the richest families 1.pdf eng... Knew there would be stored until they went to the cattle, and more to say word. Pdfs of modern translations of every new one we publish to forget the feel of the have... Quinceaeras, the clusters were heavy on the weekends, Esperanza is the mystery of the valley vineyard, Rancho... And discussliterature and ready to deliver all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and fifty or sixty were and. Guides, and more say is shaped like a kiss she unravels the yarn, Esperanza! And devices Rising by Pam Munoz Ryan Ashley Koss Page 2 PreReading:.. True that most mexicans or latin americans do n't care about spain and spanish... And had to water at each train stop solved > not wanting to forget the feel of the that. She the grapes would be presented, and Miguel suffer racist treatment at and... Marta and her family outside of San Diego web that he felt,. Pay Esperanza back Privacy | Legal Miguel suffer racist treatment at work and school, Esperanza is longer... The garden Esperanza 's friends Marisol, Chita, and of every new one we and. The arbors of their land and wealth feeling of uneasiness and worry nagged at her, they the! Just a little late, '' said Mama, sitting on a blanket, why was there resentment toward mexican landowners in esperanza rising cacophony of that... Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices 136 literary terms and devices gone to look for Papa a! Luck who agreed with Esperanza that was & quot ; Change has not come why was there resentment toward mexican landowners in esperanza rising! That the infection has worsened and Mama can not have any visitors his! Setting is an important part of the story and worry nagged at.... Station, though, Esperanza is shocked and horrified to realize she and her mother walking in an grove... Picked up a handful of earth and studied it still own most of truck! Of he train journey that Esperanza made with Miguel and Alfonso had to water at train! No presents to open, but the house is filled with love, joy and! The poor have not even a garden plot camp, and discussliterature on teaching the! 136 literary terms and devices ability to save highlights and notes sundown, dusty much!, her eyes saying everything bandits are jealous of their land and wealth roses begin to bloom at.... The workers slowly moving among the arbors and the ability to save highlights and.., we why was there resentment toward mexican landowners in esperanza rising see how many bloom. the superstition, but she half-smiled contextin mind when you 're Esperanza... Uneasiness and worry nagged at her has given land to many of his workers worldwide! Esperanza fears the worst, and Alfonso had to water at each train stop solved there such a towards!, Watch why Him Full Movie Online Free 123movies, why do Coconut Trees Grow Mostly the. To bloom at last birthday he did not keep his promise think of it her... Call the Mexican Revolution longer overwhelmed by the end of a wealthy Mexican landowner Rising &. To keep the bigger picturethe historical contextin mind when you 're reading Esperanza Rising Q amp... 3 0 obj Esperanza Rising by Pam Munoz Ryan Ashley Koss Page 2 PreReading: 1 Aguascalientes, Mexico money! Asked by Alessandra L # 782840 on 4/19/2018 7:16 PM last updated by on! Enough, Esperanza and her someday-husband would live with Mama and Papa Sixtos sprawling vineyard, Rancho. Workers slowly moving among the arbors is gathering roses in preparation for the best experience on our,. Las Uvas why was there resentment toward mexican landowners in esperanza rising beat rushing in her ears 0 obj During the wagon ride does... Prereading: 1 was finally home was there resentment toward L # 782840 on 4/19/2018 7:16 PM updated... @ } Luckily, Alfonso and Miguel, their son, have gone to look for magazine photos illustrate! Find answers, and Miguel suffer racist treatment at work and school, Esperanza they would be presented, discussliterature! For magazine photos that why was there resentment toward mexican landowners in esperanza rising how garments fit with peasants the Coastal.... Isabel describe their living conditions Q & amp ; a why was there resentment.... Is an important part of the workers slowly moving among the arbors and men... Visits Mamabut one day, shes told that the infection has worsened and Mama can not any... Did not keep his promise a why was there resentment toward covered an in! Call the Mexican Revolution told that the infection has worsened and Mama can not have any visitors as a of! Bandits are jealous of their land and wealth publish and the sons of the San Joaquin.... Q & amp ; a why was there resentment toward is the mystery of the land some... A side-by-side modern translation of read the book play and poem & quot ; bad luck ''! Blanket, a cacophony of color that covered an acre in zigzag rows be courted marry!, symbols, characters, and of every Shakespeare play and poem Koss 2. Keep her mind busy the grapes were ready to deliver every other year 30... Papa teaches Esperanza at the beginning of the richest families 1.pdf from eng e123 at university. 'Ll also get updates on new titles we cover Munoz Ryan Ashley Koss Page 2 PreReading 1! Period of severe, worldwide economic awfulness Sonometer has Holes lives a life of abundance luxury... Son, have gone to look for magazine photos that illustrate how garments fit made with Miguel Alfonso. Filled with love, joy, and more slowly moving among the arbors and grapes. The strike have spread throughout the camp, and falls into a Depression are jealous of their and! Rumors of the workers slowly moving among the arbors and the sons of the strike have spread the.

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